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The 12 Countries With The World’s Best Healthcare Systems

In order to claim that one country is prosperous and well developed we have to provide a firm evidence of it. For that reason the Legatum Institute from London exists.

It’s an organization which compares how developed the counties are based on 104 variables. The most important component of the ranking is how the health system in one country works and how healthy its citizens are.

They measure how healthy the people are by three key components: health infrastructure, the basic mental and physical health in the country and how available is the preventative care.

According to their 10th annual global Prosperity Index released in November, not surprisingly, the countries ranked as the world’s healthiest are the best developed economies in the world.

Following, the 12 top countries with the world’s best healthcare systems:

1. Luxembourg

It has one of the best healthcare systems in Europe with a first – rate healthcare covering each citizen with basic medical coverage and all citizens have the right to choose their doctor, specialist and hospital. The country’s average life expectancy is 82.

2. Singapore

Its healthcare system ensures the population with primary healthcare, hospital care, long-term care and other integrated care. Singapore’s 5.6 million citizens have an average life expectancy of 83.1 years old.

3. Switzerland

Switzerland is a rich country. There are no free state-provided health services, but private health insurance is obligatory for all persons inhabiting the country.

4. Japan

The country’s life expectancy — 83.7 — is the highest on the planet. All residents of Japan are required by the law to have health insurance coverage.

5. Netherlands

They spend around 11.2 percent of GDP (gross domestic product) on health. In 2015 the Netherlands gained the number one spot at the top of the annual Euro health consumer index, which compares healthcare systems in Europe, scoring 916 of a maximum 1,000 points.

6. Sweden

Health care in Sweden is largely tax-funded, a system that ensures everyone equal access to health care services. Swedish men have the 4th highest life expectancy of any nation, living to an average of 80.7 years.

7. Hong Kong

Hong Kong has 11 private and 42 public hospitals to serve its population of just over 7.2 million people. In 2012, women in Hong Kong had the longest average life expectancy.

8. Australia

Australia is ranked as the healthiest nation in the southern hemisphere whose average life expectancy is 82.8, the 4th highest in the world.

9. Israel

Every inhabitant of Israel is insured for healthcare under the National Health Insurance Law, through payment of monthly premiums to the National Insurance Institute. The country has the 8th highest life expectancy on the planet, 82.5 years.

10. Germany

Germans are some of the world’s healthiest people. The country’s average life expectancy is 81. It is obligatory to be insured when living, working or studying in Germany.

11. BelgiumWith an average age of 81.1, Belgium’s life expectancy is just outside the world’s top 20. In Belgium, health insurance is mandatory. Basic cover is provided by the national social security system.

12. New Zealand

It has an average life expectancy of 81.6 years. Its residents and some work visa holders benefit from a public health system that is free or low cost thanks to heavy Government subsidies.

Source: 
The Legatum Prosperity Index™ Rankings

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Parents Who Raise Good Kids Do These 5 Things

people who are good with kids

Times have changed greatly and with new times come new habits, sets of behavior and attitudes that seem very different from the ones we were used to when we were kids.

Today’s generations are all geared up with the newest technology that seems to distract them from the need to go out and play, socialize in the ways we used to or just spend time having fun. 

The challenges vary in many ways, but the main things is that today’s parents raise their children way more differently than they were raised and the outcome of those parents’ care is the greatest challenge.

Will my kid learn to be a complete person, the one who pushes forward and a person with good manners, who can bond and communicate with others freely and openly?

Every parent asks the same questions: Am I missing something? Am I doing everything right? Will my child succeed in life?

Am I Good Parent For My Child?

All these questions linger inside the head of every parent, no matter how old their child is. Parenting tips are literally never enough, so having a parenting guide by your night stand is always gonna come in handy.

You can never say you’ve read too many parenting guides and you know everything there is to know because parenting is art on its own. It changes and fluctuates. It’s never fixed, and perhaps, that’s the beauty of it.
Amid all those question marks and doubtful thinking, the ultimate question remains: How to raise good kids? Even better yet, how to be a good parent?

You are trying so hard, yet feel like you could still learn a secret or two. Knowledge never hurt nobody, right?

To find answers to your questions as well as the ultimate parenting tips you need, just scroll down. 

How To Raise Good Kids? 

Psychologists at Harvard University have thought of the same questions and have found that there are several elements that are still very important and basic for every kid’s childhood. The key to upbringing a well-adjusted child in these changing times is not as complicated as you may think.

5 Secret Parenting Tips To Raising Good Kids, According to Harvard Psychologists:

1. SPENDING QUALITY TIME WITH YOUR CHILDREN

It’s not enough just to be physically around your kid – you need to be with them completely. This means that no Xbox console or new iPhone can replace the bonding that the child truly needs. By communicating with them openly, listening carefully and doing the things they like together, your child will not only love you more, but will also learn how to be a considerate and caring person, and remember their childhood a positive experience.

This is the foundation of it all. Your kid would very much prefer (above everything else) having a real person to talk to and to share ideas and experiences with, even if they may not seem aware of it.

Being a good parent means asking your kid how their day went, listening carefully, and discussing the dilemmas they may have in their head – be careful not to ‘dogmatize’ lessons from your experiences though, they need to experience these things through their own perspective. We’ll talk about this later in this article.

See what their favorite things are and try to learn from them how to play the games they like – they would enjoy sharing their ‘fun’ with you!

Read them a book before bed (or do it together during the day if they are in the mood for it). Just be around them completely and acknowledge their emotions.

Practically speaking:

Devote some time of your day to play their favorite games with them;
Read them a bedtime story and enjoy the whole story with them;
Ask them questions about their day, include questions like:         What was the best part of your day? The hardest part? What’s something nice someone did for you today? What’s something nice you did?  What’s something you learned today – in school or outside school?

2. LET YOUR KIDS SEE A STRONG MORAL ROLE MODEL AND MENTOR IN YOU

Children learn the most from their surroundings, especially at a younger age. What you do is what they will become. This is why you should always pay close attention to your manners and actions and be ready to admit faults and mistakes. Show your child that you care and that you are ready to accept your faults and work on them.

The result you wish to see in your child comes from the effort you put into yourself on this one. Practice fairness, honesty, and care for yourself. This picture will teach your kid to do the same habits. The key to all this is to talk these things through with your child.

Acknowledging your mistakes, especially those that involve your kid in them, and speak openly about these things.

The aim is to show your child good manners, humility, and honesty. With that, they will feel a lot more comforted and encouraged to look to a positive outcome in their problems.

Your child will look up to you only if you earn their trust and respect. Achieving this is showing your child that you are as human as you can be, and that comes with faults too.

Practically speaking:

Admit your mistakes, apologize and show that you wish to make up for them and plan to avoid it next time.
Tell your child how you plan to avoid that mistake and what you learned from it.
Make time for yourself and re-energize yourself during that time. You will need that energy to be more attentive to and caring with others.

3. TEACH YOUR CHILD TO CARE FOR OTHERS AND SET HIGH ETHICAL EXPECTATIONS

Your child needs to socialize and bond with others in the right way. Caring for others’ happiness and avoiding selfishness can bring a lot of benefits to your child’s future.

As the findings from Harvard say, “It’s very important that children hear from their parents and caretakers that caring about others is a top priority and that it is just as important as their own happiness.

Even though most parents and caretakers say that their children being caring is a top priority, often children aren’t hearing that message.”

This comes with holding your children to high ethical expectations. Be ready to honor their commitments. Teach them to do the right thing even when it’s hard and be a role model for this. It’s simple: you need to justify whatever you say to them with your actions.

Responsibilities and obligations are something you always need to remind your child of. They come in every shape even from early age: chores, school responsibilities, manners, friends, and promises.

Be sure to remind them that they are not alone and that others have expectations from them that they need to be ready to fulfill because they can.

Practically speaking:

Change the message you send them on a daily basis from “The most important thing is that you are happy” to “The most important thing is that you’re kind and you’re happy.”
Encourage your kid to ‘work it out’ before deciding whether they should quit a sports team, band or friendship. Ask them to consider the consequences their action may have on the others and encourage them to work the problem out before abandoning it.

4. ENCOURAGE KIDS TO PRACTICE APPRECIATION AND GRATITUDE

Our 4th of the parenting tips states: A child that’s not spoiled is a child that acknowledges the roles of others in their life in a healthy way. This acknowledgment comes with appreciation for the people who contribute to their lives.

Gratitude is a two-way road with wonderful effects. People who practice gratitude on a regular basis are more likely to be helpful, generous, compassionate and forgiving. They are also more likely to be happy and healthy.

Let their habit start by learning from your actions. Be ready to show gratitude for something nice they do for you – but be careful!

Showing a lot of gratitude for things they are supposed to do will spoil them! As the Harvard psychologists say, “real responsibilities.”

“Expect children to routinely help, for example, with household chores and siblings, and only praise uncommon acts of kindness. When these kinds of routine actions are simply expected and not rewarded, they’re more likely to become ingrained in everyday actions.”

Practically speaking:

Encourage your child to be grateful on a regular basis. Be ready to receive gratitude for your extraordinary acts of kindness and generosity towards them.
Encourage to express appreciation towards family members, teachers, or others who contribute to their lives.
Be grateful.

5. TEACH THEM TO SEE THE BIG PICTURE

A common fact is that children empathize with and care about a small circle of families and friends. This is a very normal thing, of course, but the real challenge is to teach kids to start thinking about people outside that circle.

This larger circle could include a new kid in class, other people who work in his/her school, a person who doesn’t speak your language or anyone who lives in a distant country. Children need to know how their thoughts and actions can impact a community.

As the study shows, “It is important that children learn to zoom in, listening closely and attending to those in their immediate circle, and to zoom out, taking in the big picture and considering the range of people they interact with every day.”

 Practically speaking:

Encourage your child to consider the perspectives and feelings of others, especially those who may be vulnerable. Give them simple ideas for taking action, such as comforting a kid who was teased or reaching out to the new kid in class.
Discuss engaging topics about some people’s hardships, like different experiences of children in other countries or communities.
Childhood is the period of life when most of our personality is shaped. That’s why you should start paying attention to their development, the best way you possibly can – by helping them understand the main things that make them complete persons.

BONUS PARENTING TIPS:

DON’T MAKE YOUR CHILD EXCEPTION TO EVERY RULE

Perhaps you have stumbled upon the expression raising conscientious children in literature, but you may have dished out that helpful reminder thinking that’s up to your child to learn and practice through life, but that’s where you are wrong.

Conscientiousness is up to you a great deal – especially during a child’s teenage years. What does this mean? Not defending or justifying your child when they’ve done something morally or ethically wrong, otherwise, you are feeding their ego and sense of self-righteousness, which can lead to crippling setbacks later on in their life.

Conscientious children tend to cope well in adulthood, for they are more aware of how the real world works. They haven’t been justified whenever they did something bad and they are aware that actions have consequences. Overprotected children, in turn, may grow up having a distorted moral compass and common sense, and will chose shortcuts and short-term payoffs over honest work and long-term gratifications.

As a parent, avoid bending the rules so they serve your child, thinking that with that you are protecting their future and well-being because adult happiness doesn’t arise from overprotection. Rather, it comes from children learning the rules and conforming to them so they grow into well-formed, down-to-earth adults who don’t think the world owes them a living.

RESIST DOING FOR THEM WHAT THEY CAN DO FOR THEMSELVES

While parental participation and involvement can increase goodwill, achievement, communication and help develop a sense of community for the child, you always need to have a balance. How much involvement is too involvement?

You cannot be doing every tiny easy little chore for the child nor redo everything they’ve done because a) you will make your child lazy and spoiled or b) you will suffocate their confidence and they’ll end up thinking nothing they do is ever good enough (which then lingers form their early, formative years all the way through adulthood).

PARENTING GUIDE FOR EFFECTIVE PRESCHOOL PARENTING

Develop routines

Steel is shaped while hot. Mark this rule as important in your parenting tips genesis because for your kid to grow into a responsible and diligent person, you need to teach them core values and combine them with a daily routine, so they don’t start procrastinating or slacking off.

That means personal hygiene, getting dressed independently, picking up after themselves, limited time spent online, some sports activities after screen time, and so on. Routines and adhering to a schedule are good for building discipline. 

Bully proof  your child

A whopping 49.9% of children aged 9-12 have reported bullying at school, so to prevent that from happening you need to armor your child long before they start going to school.

Raise your child’s awareness about bullying and prevent them from becoming a victim or a bully from an early age because bullying does not stop at school only. Online bullying and after-school bullying are still a reality.

Assign chores

Make your child feel important and capable. Assign them simple chores to activate them; chores like pouring their own milk, putting their toys back in the box, washing their teeth, etc.

Encourage cooperation and teamwork

You don’t want your child riding solo and going against the world, do you? Teach them from a preschool age the importance of collaboration and team spirit.

Make everyday fun

Whenever you are doing something together, play some music in the background. Make your own music band and rock together. Be messy when you draw, draw yourselves as mighty superheroes,  make the most delicious Halloween cookies together… have your own inner jokes or awards after completing every milestone.  

That way, your child can have a good example to learn from when they become a parent. Showing love, care, and dedication will free your child from depressive episodes, frustrations, and self-destructive behavior. A happy child is a happy adult, remember!

PARENTING TIPS FOR TEENAGE CHILDREN

You are a parent AND a friend

Curfews, tyrant parents that say no to everything and restrict everything are the death of a thriving, meaningful child-parent relationship.

Be understanding. Let your child express their opinion. Let them have their voice in the family. Let them be heard. Let them make their choices. A child that trusts you, your reactions, and understanding, will have the confidence to tell you anything.

Similarly, a child that has freedom will never violate it, but to be a good parent, you need to show that you can hear first, react, or make assumptions second.

Make eating one meal together a rule

This is perhaps one of the most important parenting tips that gets swayed under the carpet. No matter how busy you all are during the day ALWAYS make sure you have at least one mean together. Around the table, chit-chatting.

Ask questions and show interest

As grown-ups, we tend to lose our energy; it gets sucked from poor working conditions, biased bosses, and average salaries. It gets lost amidst the everyday, so much that we forget we are… PARENTS!

A good parent shows curiosity, asks questions, and shows that they really care. Don’t go asking the same routine questions because teenagers can small fake miles away. Listen. Really listen because teenagers will sense when you are drifting off in your thoughts.

Try to notice the authenticity in your child, try to spark their joy with your affection and dedication, and you are 5 steps ahead in the game!

Parenting tips are there to be shared. And sharing is caring!

Source:
Making Caring Common Project – Harvard University.

Here Is Why Overthinking Is The Root Of All Your Problems

“Overthinking will not empower you over things that are beyond your control. So, let it be if it is meant to be and cherish the moment.” ― Mahsati A

The brain is wired to think all day, every day. Even when we are sleeping, the brain does not rest entirely. However, not taking time to rest the brain at all, results in not being present.

When we are not present, the brain goes into default mode, which is when the decision-making part of your brain does not work quite well.

According to recent research conducted on the human brain and how overthinking influences it, they have concluded that the default mode network is a group of brain regions that express lower levels of activity while we are involved in a certain undertaking, while higher levels happen during waking hours and we are not engaged in any particular mental task.

This usually happens during overthinking, and has links to default mode and mental disorder such as schizophrenia, depress and anxiety.

Psychology Professor at the University of Michigan, Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, discovered that overthinking usually happens in middle aged and young adults, ranging from 25-35 years of age.

This makes up 73% of the total number. Of course, women tend to overthink more than men do; hence, the ratio for this research was 57% of women and 43% of men.

The mind, much like a small child, pertains to the idea that we must have everything here and now, impatiently thinking about how to go about achieving it.

Allowing the brain to be in the constant state of anxiety due to impatience can lead to anger, depression and overthinking, which are all toxic to your mental health.

Below are 11 quotes which can assure you that overthinking is unnecessary:

1. Overthinking is the art of creating problems that weren’t even there.

2. Overthinking is the biggest cause of unhappiness.

3. A quiet mind is able to hear intuition over fear.

3. Dear mind, please stop thinking so much at night. I need sleep.

4. Worrying is like sitting in a rocking chair. It gives you something to do but it doesn’t get you anywhere.

5. Stop worrying about what can go wrong, and get excited about what can go right.

6. Before you talk, listen. Before you react, think. Before you criticize, wait. Before you pray, forgive. Before you quit, try!

7. There is nothing in this world that can trouble you as much as your own thoughts.

8. Don’t ruin a new day by thinking about yesterday. Let it go.

9. You will never be free until you free yourself from the prison of your false thoughts.

10. Stop overthinking. You can’t control everything, let it be.

So, how to stop overthinking? Here are some ideas:

  1. Try repeating peaceful phrases and words

When you are overthinking, what thoughts come to your mind? Most of the time, your thoughts are occupied around your responsibilities for the day, or even what someone said that angered you.

At times, we tend to bring ourselves down by dwelling on it. For example, we may say things like, why someone said what he or she said. People don’t think twice what they say and why, so why should you?

This usually happens due to all the negativity around us and retaining a stable positive mindset is not as easily said than done. Nevertheless, there are things you can do to turn the negative words and over thinking by repeating peaceful words.

Once you have caught yourself overthinking or worrying, stop and replace the thoughts with peaceful ones that make you feel better. Try whatever works.

Despite not entirely quieting the mind, it does stop overthinking for a while, slows down the mind, and helps in focusing in the moment. Words can be used for many things, like bringing you a peace of mind.

  1. Meditation

Many people have turned to meditation in times of distress, depression and overthinking. For one, it helps end the stream of overthinking and negative thoughts overwhelm your consciousness every second. In this instance, try relocating into a place where stillness takes priority.

You do not always have to shut down your mind so you can meditate. However, it does help make the process easier. Many have found that while meditating, the overthinking stops altogether and peace prevails.

Despite all the facts stated above, there are times you simply cannot stop thinking. In this case, it might be a good idea to try a guided meditation or even yoga. Such rehearses bring mindfulness into the body, making it easier to overcome hardships, stress and overthinking.

  1. Connect with nature

Most people do not live or work in nature, so it may be tough to visit nature on a daily basis. However, these people especially those closed up in offices need it the most.

This is why it is recommended to get out into nature as often as possible. Instead of going to the nearby fast food for lunch, you may want to visit your local park instead. It is a very healthy and healing process to be in nature as much as you can.

Establishing a significant connection with nature will greatly influence and benefit your brain, in turn stop the overthinking.

While in nature, try to ponder on the beauty you see around you, like the leaves on the trees, mountains, the sky or sun – whatever you see around you that may bring you peace of mind. In turn, this will stop your brain right way.

Doing this on a daily basis helps you think more clearly and feel more peacefully.

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10 Life-Changing Lessons From Confucius

Kong Qui, or as we all know him, Confucius (551B.C. – 479 B.C.) was born in the Lu state near China. Records of the Historian claim that he was born in a wealthy family while other accounts claim that he was born in a poor family.

However, one thing which is known for sure is that he lived in China during a period of ideological crisis. 

According to his teachings, preserved in the Analects, Confucius was striving towards better society reached by improved moral, better family and social relationships, justice and sincerity, and improved educational standards for everyone no matter the class.

Confucius had a vision of just and peaceful China. He also had a vision of a better world. According to his teachings that was possible if we follow the rules of the concentric circles system.

The meaning of this theory was that every man must respect himself and behave in a virtuous manner, if one respects himself than he will respect his family, the respect will expand further on the neighbourhood, than on the society, nation, county, on the universe and beyond.

When Confucius was 50 years old, he was appointed Governor of the state of Lu and had the opportunity to change China for the better. With his ruling Confucius was ahead of his time.

He had some bizzare rules like: women and men should walk on a different side of the road, but he also had some marvelous ideas like: poor children and poor elderly people should be fed on the state expense and education should be equally accessible to everyone no matter the social class.

His theory was that education is not just something you do at a certain period in your life rather is the meaning of life.

He also believed that if every man is educated, there won’t be difference between classes. In Confucius’ class both sons of wealthy noblemen and sons of poor peasants sat together and learnt about the aspects of justice and truth.

Confucius encouraged them that each and every one of them can become a superior man – when aristocracy of noble character matters and not noble birth. Anybody can be a superior man, one just has to desire.

Here are 10 powerful life-altering lessons which are based on Confucius’ philosophy:

1.When anger rises, think of the consequences.

2. If you hate a person, then you’re defeated by them.

3. Never form a friendship with a man who is not better than you.

4. When it is obvious that goals cannot be reached, don’t adjust the goals, but adjust the action steps.

5. If they spit at you behind your back, it means you’re ahead of them.

6. What the superior man seeks is in himself; what the small man seeks is in others.

7. Give instructions only to those people who seek knowledge after they have discovered their ignorance.

8. It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.

9. Looking at small advantages prevents great affairs from being accomplished.

10. Wherever you go, go with all your heart.

If only half of us were thinking the way Confucius was, the world would be a better place for living.

SHARING IS CARING!

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America’s First Female Self-Made Millionaire Was An African American Woman

Sarah Breedlove, later known as Madam C. J. Walker, is a household name in America’s culture and history and her incredible story is both inspiring and heart-warming.

She was an African American entrepreneur, philanthropist, and a political and social activist, but is best known for becoming the first female self-employment millionaire in America by developing and marketing a line of beauty and hair products for black women through the Madame C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company, a business she had established in 1910 in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Her estate in Irvington-on-Hudson, New York, which served as a social gathering place for the African American community, and the Madame Walker Theatre Center, which opened in Indianapolis in 1927, are both listed on the National Register of Historic Places and highlight the incredible achievements she had made during her lifetime.

Ms Breedlove didn’t have it easy. 19th century America was the white man’s world, where racial segregation and slavery left little or no chance for a black man or a woman to even dream of life of riches.

Such was the setting in America in the years before Sarah Breedlove was born to Owen and Minerva (Anderson) Breedlove in 1867 near Delta, Louisiana.

The Breedloves, which had six children, had soon fallen victims to rich plantation owners who bought slaves to work and die on their lands. Sara’s parents and her older siblings were enslaved on Robert W.

Burney’s Madison Parish plantation, while she managed to escape the same destiny simply because she was the first child in her family to be born after the Emancipation Proclamation was signed.

Both her parents had died before Sarah turned seven and soon after she moved to Vicksburg, Mississippi, and worked as a domestic.

Sarah married Moses McWilliams In 1882, at the age of fourteen, and three years later the couple had their only daughter, A’lelia McWilliams.

Shortly after Moses died in 1887, Sarah and her daughter moved to Saint Louis, Missouri, where three of her brothers lived. There, she found work as a laundress, determined to help her daughter gain a formal education.

Sarah remarried in 1894, only to leave her second husband, John Davis, around 1903. Two years later, she moved to Denver, Colorado, where she married once again in January 1906, to the newspaper advertising salesman Charles Joseph Walker. This was also the time when Sarah came to be known as Madam C. J. Walker.

It was during the 1880s when Breedlove developed a yearning for an educated life and conceived the idea of setting up her own business.

At the time, she had experienced severe dandruff and other scalp ailments, which were common among black women of her era due to skin disorders and the application of harsh products such as lye that were included in soaps to cleanse hair and wash clothes.

Her early knowledge of hair care, which was passed to her by her brothers (both of whom were barbers in Saint Louis), allowed her to become a commission agent selling products in 1904 for Annie Turnbo Malone, an African American hair-care entrepreneur and owner of the Poro Company.

During her tenure with the Poro Company, which would later become Walker’s largest rival in the hair-care industry, Sarah began to adapt her knowledge of hair and hair products to develop her own product line.

In 1905, when she moved to Denver with her daughter A’lelia, Sarah continued to sell products for Malone and started developing her own hair-care business.

Following her marriage to Charles Walker, she became known as Madam C. J. Walker (“Madam” was adopted from women pioneers of the French beauty industry) and marketed herself as an independent hairdresser and retailer of cosmetic creams.

Initially, Sarah sold her products door to door, teaching other black women how to groom and style their hair.

She and her husband then relocated the business to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where they opened a beauty parlor and established A’lelia College to train “hair culturists.”

Subsequently, the pair established a new base in Indianapolis in 1910, followed by the opening of an office and beauty salon in New York City’s Harlem neighborhood in 1913.

Having established the Madame C. J. Walker Manufacturing Company’s headquarters in Indianapolis, Sarah then purchased a house and factory at 640 North West Street.

She also built a hair salon and a beauty school to train her sales agents, as well as a laboratory to help with research.

Between 1911 and 1919, Walker was at the peak of her career and her company employed several thousand women as sales agents for its products. She was also quick to learn the power of advertising and brand awareness. 

By utilizing heavy advertising, primarily in African American newspapers and magazines, her products became well known not only in the United States, but also Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Panama, and Costa Rica.

In 1917, Walker began organizing her sales agents into state and local clubs, which resulted in the establishment of the National Beauty Culturists and Benevolent Association of Madam C. J. Walker Agents.

Its first annual conference, convened in Philadelphia during the summer of 1917, is believed to have been among the first national gatherings of women entrepreneurs to discuss business and commerce.

In parallel to her rise to prominence, Sarah gradually became more vocal about her views. In 1912, she gave a speech at an annual gathering of the National Negro Business League (NNBL), where she declared:

“I am a woman who came for the cotton fields of the South. From there I was promoted to the washtub. From there, I was promoted to the cook kitchen,” she famously said.

And from there, I promoted myself into the business of manufacturing hair goods and preparations. I have built my own factory on my own ground.”

Sarah also supported the establishment of a branch of the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in Indianapolis’s black community, committing $1,000 to the building fund for the Senate Avenue YMCA.

Walker became more actively involved in politics after her move to New York, when she started delivering  lectures on political, economic, and social issues at conventions sponsored by powerful black institutions.

Some of her influential friends and associates included Booker T. Washington, Mary McLeod Bethune, and W. E. B. Du Bois, to name a few.

When World War I erupted, Sarah became a leader in the Circle For Negro War Relief and advocated for the establishment of a training camp for black army officers.

Her generous contributions to her political and philanthropic interests saw the National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs (NACWC) recognize Walker for making the largest individual contribution to help preserve Frederick Douglass’s Anacostia house.

Shortly before she died in 1919, Walker donated $5,000 to the NAACP’s antilynching fund, which at the time was the largest gift from an individual that the NAACP had ever received.

During her lifetime, Walker gave away nearly $100,000 to orphanages, institutions, and individuals. In her will, she instructed lawyers to direct two-thirds of future net profits of her estate to charity.

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5 Health Benefits Of Cottage Cheese

Cottage cheese is a milk by-product, which is an excellent source of proteins, vitamins, healthy fats, and essential minerals. It is similar to the commercialized cheese that is easily available on the market these days; the only difference between them is the proportion of milk and fat content.

Before we may go ahead with discussing the health benefits of cottage cheese, it is vital for you to understand the nutritional facts of cottage cheese. The values listed below are per 100g:

  • Total energy: 98 kcal
  • Protein: 11.12g
  • Carbohydrates: 3.38g
  • Saturated Fats: 4.5g
  • Sugar: 2.6g
  • Sodium: 459mg
  • Potassium: 101mg
  • Cholesterol: 5mg
  • Dietary Fiber: 0g
  • Vitamin A: 37ug
  • Vitamin D: 21ug

Various other minerals including iron, phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, selenium, and zinc are also found.

Health Benefits of Cottage Cheese

You may now be curious to know how consuming cottage cheese as a part of your dietary regime can benefit your body. Therefore, let’s understand these advantages in details.

  1. Maintains Blood Sugar Levels

Cottage cheese is rich in magnesium, which helps in maintaining the blood pressure levels of the body. This mineral also works as a catalyst; therefore, it works towards activating the body enzymes, maintaining nerves and muscle functioning, improves the immune system, and stimulates biochemical reactions in the body.

It also helps the body against heart attacks; collagen; migraine (headaches); constipation; and psychiatric ailments.

  1. Reduces Breast Cancer Risk

This product is rich is products such as calcium and Vitamins such as A and D; therefore, it reduces the risk of breast cancer in women.

This is scientifically proven by researchers and healthcare experts. Moreover, cottage cheese is ideal for vegetarians who tend to lack a good amount of protein in their regular diet.

  1. Enhances Body’s Biological Processes

Nutritionists suggest around 4% zinc in a regular diet, which is found in cottage cheese. This mineral aids in the DNA and RNA metabolism process; it also helps the proper functioning of the brain, kidneys, prostate gland, bones, liver, and eyes. Zinc, Vitamins and other minerals found in cottage cheese help in:

  • Improving the body’s immune system
  • Enhancing your appetite
  • Controlling diabetes
  • Managing anxiety and stress
  • Improving digestion process
  • Curing night blindness
  • Preventing prostate cancer
  • Recovering from ocular health
  • Fighting against infection
  1. Reduces Cardiovascular Risks

Cottage cheese comprises of health levels of potassium. Potassium prevents strokes, stress, anxiety, and overall fluid-balancing in the human body. It is also beneficial for people with muscle cramps and hypertension.

Taking about the sodium content of cottage cheese, this food item works as an electrolyte; this is noted to reduce the cardiovascular stress levels.

  1. Works as an Antioxidant

Cottage cheese tastes refreshing and is rich in selenium mineral, which is required in the human body; however, not more than 70mcg (in adults.) This mineral is a great antioxidant and works against DNA damage. It is also known to reduce the risk of prostate cancer in adults; it can also enhance the lifespan of patients who suffer colon cancer.

Considering the health benefits of cottage cheese, it is vital to serving it the right way to ensure that people of all ages consume it with delight. Serve cottage cheese as an essential ingredient in salads, curries, soups, and omelets.

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10 Personality Traits Any Empathetic Person Possesses

inauthentic person

What Is An Empathic Person?

An empath is a person who has the ability to feel and understand the emotions of other people. In addition to this, empaths can take on others’ emotions and energies as “emotional sponges.”

Empaths are extremely sensitive and intuitive individuals who can feel what another person is feeling or thinking at a deep emotional level.

Being an empath can be a blessing and a curse. There are a lot of benefits of being an empathic person. First of all, empathic individuals are emotionally intelligent and extremely intuitive. Due to these qualities, they can immediately sense when someone is trying to manipulate or deceive them. They can spot phony, selfish, manipulative, and deceitful people from a mile away.

Additionally, empaths are caring, compassionate, and generous individuals. They are great listeners and friends. They build deep and meaningful relationships with others as they have the ability to connect at a deep emotional, mental, and spiritual level. They are entirely loyal and committed to their friends and partners, and although they might have only a handful of friends, they go out of their way to protect and nurture their friendships as no other person does.

As we already said, being an empath can sometimes be a curse. Empaths can put themselves in other people’s shoes and feel their energies and emotions, whether they are positive or bad as if they were their own. So, just imagine how great being able to absorb constantly other people’s sadness, anxiety, anger, or stress could affect your physical, mental, and emotional health.

Bear in mind that besides feeling and taking on other people’s energies and emotions, empathic individuals feel the emotions within themselves. All of this can often make them feel overwhelmed, stressed out, and even anxious or depressed, as most empaths don’t possess the skills necessary to protect themselves from exhaustion and sensory overload. 

How Do You Know If Someone Is Empathetic?

Recognizing if you or someone you know is an empath can sometimes be difficult, so in what follows, we’ve presented 10 personality traits empaths have in common. If you possess some or all of the traits presented below, you might be an empath as well. Here they are:

1. You Have Trouble Not Caring

If whenever you see someone sad or suffering, you try to put yourself in their shoes and feel a strong need to help them and ease their pain, take this as a sign that you’re a highly empathetic person.

However, there’s one thing you should remember: Although you may find it hard to watch someone dealing with problems or struggling with emotional pain, know that it isn’t always possible to help others. Keeping this in mind will save you from feeling disappointed whenever you see someone struggling, and you’re not able to help them.

2. You’re Highly Intuitive

Have you ever had a gut feeling that something was off in a relationship or that someone was phony and manipulative? If you answered positively, you could take this as a sign that you’re an empath, as empaths have good intuition. 

Empathic individuals have the ability to pick up on subtle cues that can tell them what another person is thinking or feeling. Their intuition can tell them whether they’re dealing with an authentic, honest person or someone who is fake and disingenuous. 

3. You Feel A Lot Of Empathy

Empathy is the ability to understand and feel the emotions of other people. So, let’s say a close friend of yours has recently lost someone they loved. Empathy is what enables you to put yourself in his/her shoes and understand and feel the pain they’re experiencing, even if you’ve never lost a loved one.

As an empath, you can feel other people’s emotions and energies on such a deep emotional level that it can be said that other people’s joy and sadness become your joy and sadness.

4. Crowded Places Make You Feel Overwhelmed

As an empath, you can take on another person’s energy, whether positive or negative, only by being around them. In crowded places, this sensitivity can become intolerable.

In addition to absorbing other people’s energies and emotions, you tend to feel things deeply. So, when you’re in a busy place, you’ll likely have trouble dealing with all the emotional “noise” from all the people surrounding you for some period of time. 

Absorbing the negative emotions, pain, energy, and distress of others can make you feel overwhelmed and physically, mentally, and emotionally drained. To protect yourself from exhaustion and sensory overload, you may feel the calmest and most comfortable in the company of only a handful of people at a time or by yourself.

5. Closeness And Intimacy Can Intimidate You

It’s not that you don’t want to connect and build deep, meaningful relationships with others, but you simply find close contact overwhelming. 

Spending too much time with your friends, family members, and partner makes you feel overwhelmed and stressed out. That’s why you tend to avoid engaging in long conversations with others and often feel the need to spend time on your own, which often negatively affects your relationships. For instance, when you tell your partner you need to spend some time alone, you take on their hurt feelings, and as a result of this, you feel even more emotional distress.

6. You Need To Spend Time Alone To Reset

Picking up on other people’s emotions and energies can be draining, which is why empathic individuals may often find themselves physically, mentally, and emotionally exhausted.

Even absorbing other people’s positive emotions can make you feel overwhelmed. Therefore, it’s very important to spend some time on your own to recharge your batteries.

If you are not able to get away from overwhelming emotions and prevent sensory overload, you run the risk of experiencing burnout, which can adversely affect your overall well-being. Therefore, to protect yourself from this, make sure you take time for yourself as often as you need. In this way, not only will you recharge your batteries, you’ll also reconnect with yourself and your power.

7. People Tend To Share Their Problems With You

If your loved ones often tell you their problems, come to you for advice, and confide in you, take this as a sign that you’re an extremely empathetic person. 

As an empath, you’re caring and compassionate and a great listener. That’s why your friends and family tend to reach out to you first every time they need help or emotional support.

However, know that not everyone will appreciate your benevolent nature and support. If you’re not careful, selfish and manipulative people can easily take advantage of your kindness. So, make sure your desire to help people experiencing difficulty doesn’t make you more vulnerable to toxic behaviors.

8. You Love Spending Time In Nature

Empathic individuals enjoy spending time in nature more than anything else, as natural environments make them feel calm and relaxed. They perceive nature as a place where they can recharge their batteries and retreat to rest from emotions, sensations, and sounds.

So, as an empath, you might feel utterly peaceful when riding a bicycle alone or walking along the beach and listening to the beautiful sounds the waves make when crashing against the shore. Even going for a leisurely stroll in the nearest park may improve your mood, help you relax, and make you feel energized. 

9. You Can’t Stand Conflict

Empaths either fear Conflict or do everything in their power to avoid it. If you’re an empath, know that your sensitivity makes it easier for others to upset you and make you feel overwhelmed and distressed. Even unthoughtful remarks can deeply affect you, and you may take criticism to heart.

Getting involved in an argument makes you feel distressed because, in addition to dealing with your own reactions and feelings, you are also taking on the emotions of the person you’re having an argument with. When you want to call someone out on their behavior because they said or did something that hurt your feelings, you don’t know how to do this, and even slight disagreements can become more difficult to handle.

10. You Have Trouble Setting Boundaries

Boundaries are an inseparable part of any healthy relationship. 

If you are an empath, you may have a hard time controlling your ability to feel things deeply and find it very difficult to stop being caring and compassionate towards others, even when you feel drained.

One reason why you might have trouble setting boundaries in your relationships is that you think establishing boundaries means you’re reserved and you don’t care about others, including your friends and family. But, in fact, the opposite is true. 

What you need to understand is that setting boundaries in your relationships is increasingly important as doing so can help protect you from other people’s words or actions that can have a negative influence on you.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Are The Characteristics Of Empathy?

Empathy is the ability to understand what another person feels, take their perspective, and put yourself in their position. 

People who have high empathy, i.e., empaths, can “walk a mile in another person’s shoes.” For example, when they’re around someone happy, they can feel their happiness and get caught up in their joy. Similarly, when they see someone sad or suffering, they can feel their sadness and emotional pain as if they were their own.

Feeling empathy enables you to put yourself in another person’s position and feel and understand what they’re going through. It enables you to recognize their emotions and communicate that.

There are three types of empathy: affective empathy, cognitive empathy, and somatic empathy.

1. Affective Empathy

A person who has this type of empathy has the ability to feel another person’s emotions physically alongside them. They can understand how the other person is feeling and what they’re going through and respond appropriately.

2. Cognitive Empathy

This type of empathy involves the ability to take another person’s perspective and understand their mental state. For example, a person who has cognitive empathy can put themselves in another person’s place and sense what they might be thinking.

3. Somatic Empathy

This type of empathy involves the ability to experience physically what another person is experiencing. For instance, when a person with somatic empathy sees someone suffering, they can feel their pain and feel a strong need to help them. Or when they’re around someone who is feeling embarrassed, they might feel embarrassed too or even have an upset stomach.

What Are The Best Careers For An Empathetic Person?

There isn’t one perfect job for empaths since not all empaths are the same. For example, some empaths get great satisfaction from working in environments that include many new people. Other thrive more in jobs in which they can interact with a small number of people and create deeper personal bonds.

Empathic individuals do well-being artists, writers, graphic and website designers, self-employed business owners, lawyers, accountants, and health care professionals.

It’s worth mentioning that the best jobs for empaths are those that can allow them to choose how many people they want to interact with and make their own schedules. Not overscheduling themselves, working at their own pace, and setting firm boundaries concerning when they can be reached are essential for them so that they don’t get overwhelmed and protect their mental and physical health.

Another thing worth mentioning is that many empaths choose to pursue heart-felt careers. They choose to work as nurses, physicians, psychologists, psychotherapists, social workers, physical and massage therapists, dentists, life coaches, or yoga instructors. In order to benefit from these professions, empaths need to learn how to stop picking up on the symptoms, emotions, and stress of their patients and clients. Three ways they can do this are by setting firm boundaries with people, taking breaks between clients, and spending quality time outside of work to recharge their batteries, relax, and reset.

Leonardo DiCaprio Just Joined A $2.6-Trillion Movement To Stop Investing In Fossil Fuels

The famous actor and environmental activist Leonardo DiCaprio has come out against big oil companies and the effect they have on the environment.  DiCaprio and over 2,000 people and 400 institutions have pulled out their funds in fossil fuel companies the past fall, representing an extraordinary $2.6 trillion in investments.

This move is a part of the global movement to divest funds from fossil fuel industries in order to invest in new climate solutions. According to DivestInvest.org, more than $3.4 trillion in total assets have moved money out of “planet heating fossil fuels and into climate solutions.”

The actor created the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation  back in 1998. The mission statement of this foundation is “dedicated to the long-term health and well-being of all Earth’s inhabitants”.

Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation is focused on protecting biodiversity, wildlands, and ocean conservation.

However, the main focus is on the climate change.Up till now, the foundation has awarded $45 million worth of grants in over 65 environmental organizations for promoting economic sustainability.

At the United Nations Climate Summit in 2014 DiCaprio spoke as a Messenger of Peace.  The speech he made was mainly concentrated on carbon emissions and “government subsidies for coal, gas and oil companies”.

“I am not a scientist, but I don’t need to be. Because the world’s scientific community has spoken, and they have given us our prognosis, if we do not act together, we will surely perish.

Now is our moment for action.We need to put a pricetag on carbon emissions, and eliminate government subsidies for coal, gas, and oil companies.

We need to end the free ride that industrial polluters have been given in the name of a free-market economy, they don’t deserve our tax dollars, they deserve our scrutiny. For the economy itself will die if our ecosystems collapse.” said DiCaprio.

This January, DiCaprio addressed the World Forum in Switzerland  when he received the Crystal Award. This award is given specifically to “artists and cultural leaders who are helping to address the world’s humanitarian and environmental challenges”. In the speech, he states:

“WE SIMPLY CANNOT AFFORD TO ALLOW THE CORPORATE GREED OF THE COAL, OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES TO DETERMINE THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY. THOSE ENTITIES WITH A FINANCIAL INTEREST IN PRESERVING THIS DESTRUCTIVE SYSTEM HAVE DENIED, AND EVEN COVERED UP THE EVIDENCE OF OUR CHANGING CLIMATE. ENOUGH IS ENOUGH. YOU KNOW BETTER. THE WORLD KNOWS BETTER. HISTORY WILL PLACE THE BLAME FOR THIS DEVASTATION SQUARELY AT THEIR FEET.”

HOW DOES OIL IMPACT THE ENVIRONMENT

The problem with drilling for oil is mainly the emission of toxic gases such as Carbon Dioxide (C02), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOX), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC).

These gases are produced in the process of burning petroleum products and they cause very negative impacts. For example, Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, and one of the leading causes of global warming.

The main reason for acid rain is Sulfur Dioxide: it harms plants and creates respiratory illnesses and heart diseases in children or the elderly. NOX and VOC’s irritate and damage the lungs through ground level ozone.

Besides the negative influence on the air we breathe, drilling also disturbs ocean and land habitats. The impact of a man-made oil spill can be devastating and most of the oil spills were created by issues with tankers that would begin to leak.

Such example is the BP Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico in April, 2010. Over 206 million gallons of oil ended up into the Gulf, with free flowing at a rate of about 2.5 million gallons a day for almost 3 months before they could successfully plug the well.

THE CONCEPT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

The Earth would be a very cold place if it were not for greenhouse gases trapping heat in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases keep the Earth warm through a process called the greenhouse effect.

The Earth gets energy from the sun in the form of sunlight and the Earth’s surface absorbs some of this energy and heats up.

The Earth cools down by giving off a different form of energy, called infrared radiation, but before all this radiation can escape to outer space, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb some of it, which makes the atmosphere warmer.

Let’s make clear that climate and “weather” are completely different. Climate change is the concept that the unnatural amount of fossil fuels that humans are burning are emitting greenhouse gases in such quantity that they get trapped within the Earth’s atmosphere.

The climate has no connection with your daily “hurricane, snowstorm or drought,” but it focuses on more long term trends in the variability of temperatures.

WHAT IS BEING DONE TO PREVENT CLIMATE CHANGE

A giant step in the right direction for reducing CO2 and other toxic gas emissions has been made by DiCaprio’s foundation and the concept of divesting money from fossil fuel companies.

According to the Forum for Sustainable and Responsible Investment, there is over $6.5 trillion currently invested in sustainable energy only in the US.

The US and China currently produce the highest amount of greenhouse gases in the world, but they have made great progress in reducing their greenhouse gas emissions, since the resolved to reduce the emissions to 26-28% below 2005 levels by 2025.

WHAT YOU CAN DO ABOUT CLIMATE CHANGE AT HOME

There are many effective ways you can start helping out to reduce carbon emissions in your home.  Though you might feel like your lifestyle is insignificant compared to things like oil extraction or vehicle emissions, the choices we make in our day-to-day play a major role in slowing climate change.

Some of which include being energy efficient by reducing your heat and cooling usage or choosing renewable power, eat wisely and cut down on food consumption, invest in greener transportation.

We can and we must leave a better world for generations to come.

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Stephen Hawking’s Beautiful Message For Anyone With Depression

Stephen Hawking, well known for his work in theoretical physics, is one of the greatest minds of our time.

When he was a child, Stephen wanted to study mathematics, but as soon as he began college, he studied Natural Sciences.

He was quite normal back then, but during his first year in Cambridge at the age of 21, Hawking began to have symptoms of ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). With his condition and diagnosis, doctors gave him two and a half years to live.

However, even today at the age of 74, he is still able to teach, research, and provide the world with beautiful messages.

He says that when he was given the ALS diagnosis, his expectations were reduced to zero and since then, every aspect of his life has been a bonus.

Stephen did not allow the changes to stop him. He cannot speak or move and most of his life he’s been bounded to a wheelchair. Yet, he continued studying and has twelve honorary degrees.

His whole life is dedicated to finding answers about the Big Bang, the universe, creation and scientific theories and still founds a way to inspire and encourage us to find the mysticism in the stars, to find meaning in this world.

“Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Never give up work. Work gives you meaning and purpose and life is empty without it. If you are lucky enough to find love, remember it is there and don’t throw it away”- he says.

Hawking compared black holes to depression on a lecture that he had  in January at the Royal Institute in London, thus making it clear that neither the black holes or depression are impossible to escape.

At the lecture he said:  “The message of this lecture is that black holes ain’t as black as they are painted. They are not the eternal prisons they were once thought. Things can get out of a black hole both on the outside and possibly to another universe. So if you feel you are in a black hole, don’t give up; there’s a way out.”

When he was asked about his disabilities, Hawking says: “The victim should have the right to end his life, if he wants. But I think it would be a great mistake. However bad life may seem, there is always something you can do, and succeed at. While there’s life, there is hope.”

He then continued with an inspiring message about disabilities:

 “If you are disabled, it is probably not your fault, but it is no good blaming the world or expecting it to take pity on you. One has to have a positive attitude and must make the best of the situation that one finds oneself in; if one is physically disabled, one cannot afford to be psychologically disabled as well. In my opinion, one should concentrate on activities in which one’s physical disability will not present a serious handicap.

I am afraid that Olympic Games for the disabled do not appeal to me, but it is easy for me to say that because I never liked athletics anyway. On the other hand, science is a very good area for disabled people because it goes on mainly in the mind. Of course, most kinds of experimental work are probably ruled out for most such people, but theoretical work is almost ideal.

My disabilities have not been a significant handicap in my field, which is theoretical physics. Indeed, they have helped me in a way by shielding me from lecturing and administrative work that I would otherwise have been involved in.

I have managed, however, only because of the large amount of help I have received from my wife, children, colleagues and students. I find that people in general are very ready to help, but you should encourage them to feel that their efforts to aid you are worthwhile by doing as well as you possibly can.”

Not only he encourages the scientific minds to pay attention, Stephen Hawking also inspires the rest of the world to take notice that there is connection between the stars and each one of us.

Not once in his life did his disabilities stop his curious mind and sense of wonder.

His daughter Lucy, who was also present at the lecture, shared with the crowd:  “He has a very enviable wish to keep going and the ability to summon all his reserves, all his energy, all his mental focus and press them all into that goal of keeping going.

But not just to keep going for the purposes of survival, but to transcend this by producing extraordinary work writing books, giving lectures, inspiring other people with neurodegenerative and other disabilities.”

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Stunning Portraits The Largest Group Of First Nation In North America – “The Cree Tribe”

The Cree, Nehiyawak in the Cree language, are one of the largest groups of First Nations in North America, with over 200,000 members located in Canada. They are officially the most densely inhabited Indigenous societies living in Canada.

When discussing their exact location, they inhabit the subarctic region, stretching from Alberta to Québec. They also occupy parts of the plains region in Saskatchewan and Alberta.

Statistically speaking, the total population that was registered as of March of 2015, the Cree totals over 317,000 inhabitants.

Chief Thundercloud

Whilst we turn to etymology, the name Cree derived from the Indigenous societies near James Bay. The French initially documented them as Kiristinon, which later transformed into Cri, documented their name. Cri is spelled Cree in English.

When French colonists and explorers came across clans north and west of Lake Superior, they spelled the name Kiristinon, Cristenaux, Cristinaux, Kilistinon, and Knisteneaux.

These expressions were used by the French to denote numerous groups of inhabitants in Canda. Hence, some of them are now known as Anishinaabe (Ojibwa). They speak various dialects, unlike the Algonquin.

However, the Cree do not refer to themselves as “the Cree tribes”. They refer to themselves as the nēhiyawak, nīhithaw, nēhinaw and nēhilaw.

Part of the Cree tribe

Bobtail, (Keskayiwew), Head Chief of the Montana Cree, 1887

Chief Duckhunter

From Paul Coze fonds

Nehiyaw girl (1928)

The Cree society were known to live in small hunting groups, also referred to as hunter-gatherers. They had a simple unit of establishment, known as the lodge, which were composed of around eight to twelve individuals.

The lodge was usually made up of related married couple groups, living in the same wigwam or tipi, if you will.

There were groups of lodges that hunted and migrated together. Some were considered as more powerful than others were.

The best-known leaders in these tribes were Piapot, Big Bear, or Mistahimaskwa and Poundmaker, or Pitikwahanapiwiyin.

Achim (aka The Dog) from the Piapot Reserve in Saskatchewan – Cree – 1919

Chief Big Bear

Poundmaker

Paul Coze fonds

Cree woman

Cree women performing Round Dance

Cree Indian

Chief King of the WindCree Indians in camp

One characteristic of the Cree peoples’ was that the lodges could leave bands if there was any sort of disagreement.

Every band remained self-governing and liberated of one another, despite the fact that they worked together against outside enemies.

There was a group of Cree who started bison hunting and migrated onto the Great Plain, known as the Plains Cree, who worked side by side with the Assiniboine and the Saulteaux. At the time, they were major force in the North American fur trade from the 1730s to 1870s.

Hence, the Cree tribe can be split into eight groups based on their location and dialect. These were:

  • Naskapi (peoples of a region known as Nitassinan, caribou hunters)
  • Moose Cree – Moose Factory in the Cochrane District, Ontario, Swampy Cree – northern Manitoba along the Hudson Bay and Woods Cree in northern Alberta and Saskatchewan
  • Population around 4,500, James Bay Cree – Grand Council of the Crees
  • Plains Cree (34,000 people in Saskatchewan, Alberta, Montana,and )
  • Attikamekw (inhabitants of  Nitaskinan, in the upper St. Maurice River valley of Quebec

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